A protocol for developing a digital-based education and self-screening model to enhance HIV knowledge, self-awareness, and testing uptake among adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Résumé

Adolescents remain a critical population in the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, particularly in low - and middle-income countries such as Indonesia, where testing uptake and awareness among youth remain low. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a peer-supported, digital-based HIV education and self-screening intervention tailored for adolescents in Yogyakarta. By integrating digital technology with peer-led support, the intervention addresses stigma-related barriers, limited access to youth-friendly services, and low health literacy. Using a mixed-methods research and development approach, the study will be conducted in three phases: needs assessment, platform development, and a cluster randomised controlled trial. One thousand adolescents aged 15-17 years will be recruited from public high schools and randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Data will be collected using validated instruments and analysed using difference-in-differences and multilevel modelling to assess knowledge, self-awareness, digital engagement, and testing behaviours. These projected findings suggest that peer-supported digital interventions have the potential to be effective in increasing HIV prevention behaviours among adolescents. Integrating peer education, interactive self-screening, and digital engagement offers a scalable and culturally appropriate model for youth-centred health promotion.